Uluslararası Ticaret Teşviklerinin Kullanımında Yaşanan Sorunlara Yönelik Bir İçerik Analizi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18010527Anahtar Kelimeler:
Dış Ticaret Teşvikleri, Teşvik Programları, İçerik Analizi, Bilgi AsimetrisiÖzet
Uluslararası ticaret teşvikleri, ihracat hacimlerini artırmak, pazarları çeşitlendirmek ve ulusal rekabet gücünü desteklemek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, işletmelerin bu teşviklerden yeterli ve etkin düzeyde yararlanamadığı, başvuru, uygulama ve geri ödeme süreçlerinde çok boyutlu sorunlarla karşılaşıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dış ticaret teşviklerinin kullanımında yaşanan problemleri sistematik biçimde sınıflandırılması, bu problemlerin temel kaynaklarını ortaya koyulması ve mevcut yazındaki dağınık bulguların bütüncül bir çerçevede tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmada iki aşamalı bir yöntem izlenmiştir. İlk aşamada Web of Science veri tabanında 1980–2024 arası dönemde yayımlanan araştırmalar filtrelenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar üzerinden VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak, anahtar kelimelerin birlikte kullanımlarına ilişkin görsel harita elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise konu ile doğrudan ilişkili seçilmiş çalışmalar, Nvivo yazılımı ile kodlanmış ve içerik analizi yoluyla dış ticaret teşviklerinin kullanımında ortaya çıkan sorunlar on temel faktör altında (P1–P10) toplanmıştır.
Bulgular, özellikle bilgi asimetrisi ve farkındalık eksikliği ile firma düzeyindeki yetenek ve kapasite yetersizliklerinin en sık vurgulanan problem alanları olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca sorunların kaynakları olarak devlet, teşvik organizasyonları ve firmalar üzerinden önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
İndirmeler
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